CHEMISTRY FORMULA FOR CLASS 11 CHAPTER- HYDROCARBON
Chemistry Formulas
Class 11 chapter- Hydrocarbon
The first synthetic organic compound is Urea (NH2CONH2) was prepared by wohler.
Kolbe synthesized acetic acid (CH3COOH) and Berthelot synthesized methane (CH4).\
In every alkane, all carbons undergoes sp3 hybridization.
In Alkenes, double bonded carbons undergoes sp2 hybridization while in alkynes, triple bonded carbons undergoes sp hybridization
The bond lengths of C–C, C = C and C = C are 1.54A°, 1.34A° and 1.20Aº respectively.
Distillation for volatile liquids containing non volatile impurities that have boiling points difference more than 40°C.
Fractional distillation for liquids that have boiling point difference less than 40°C.
The organic liquid of aniline is purified by solvent extraction method.
Chromatography has been developed as a method of separation components of a mixture generally between the stationary phase and a mobile phase.
In layer chromatography the relative adsorption of a component of the mixture is expressed in terms of retardation factor (Rf).
The formula of ferric ferrocyanide (Prussion blue) is Fe4[Fe(CN)6)]3.
The formula of sodium nitro prusside is Na2[Fe–(CN)5NO].
If phosphorous element present in organic compound, then it gives ammonium phosphomolybdate [(NH4)3PO4.12MO3] test.
Nitrogen of organic compound is estimated by
Duma’s method
Kjeldahl’s method
According to Huckel’s rule aromatic compounds passes cyclic planar structure with (4n + 2)Π electrons.
If the rings contain N, O, S etc atoms in addition to carbon atoms then they are called heterocylic compounds. Ex : Pyrrole (C4H5N), Furan (C4H4O) Thiophene (C4H4S) etc.
